This is a repo documenting the best practices in PySpark.

Related tags

Data Analysis best-practices pyspark
Overview

Spark-Syntax

This is a public repo documenting all of the "best practices" of writing PySpark code from what I have learnt from working with PySpark for 3 years. This will mainly focus on the Spark DataFrames and SQL library.

you can also visit ericxiao251.github.io/spark-syntax/ for a online book version.

Contributing/Topic Requests

If you notice an improvements in terms of typos, spellings, grammar, etc. feel free to create a PR and I'll review it 😁 , you'll most likely be right.

If you have any topics that I could potentially go over, please create an issue and describe the topic. I'll try my best to address it 😁 .

Acknowledgement

Huge thanks to Levon for turning everything into a gitbook. You can follow his github at https://github.com/tumregels.

Table of Contexts:

Chapter 1 - Getting Started with Spark:

Chapter 2 - Exploring the Spark APIs:

Chapter 3 - Aggregates:

Chapter 4 - Window Objects:

Chapter 5 - Error Logs:

Chapter 6 - Understanding Spark Performance:

  • 6.1 - Primer to Understanding Your Spark Application

  • 6.2 - Analyzing your Spark Application

    • 6.1 - Looking for Skew in a Stage

    • 6.2 - Looking for Skew in the DAG

    • 6.3 - How to Determine the Number of Partitions to Use

  • 6.3 - How to Analyze the Skew of Your Data

Chapter 7 - High Performance Code:

  • 7.0 - The Types of Join Strategies in Spark

    • 7.0.1 - You got a Small Table? (Broadcast Join)
    • 7.0.2 - The Ideal Strategy (BroadcastHashJoin)
    • 7.0.3 - The Default Strategy (SortMergeJoin)

  • 7.1 - Improving Joins

  • 7.2 - Repeated Work on a Single Dataset (caching)

    • 7.2.1 - caching layers

  • 7.3 - Spark Parameters

    • 7.3.1 - Running Multiple Spark Applications at Scale (dynamic allocation)
    • 7.3.2 - The magical number 2001 (partitions)
    • 7.3.3 - Using a lot of UDFs? (python memory)

  • 7. - Bloom Filters :o?

Comments
  • Fix some typos in chapter 2 section 1.4

    Fix some typos in chapter 2 section 1.4

    I found the explanation about irrational numbers a little confusing. What is the difference between Decimal(20.5) and Decimal(20.2)? Maybe a little bit more of an explanation would be good here.

    opened by davedx 3
  • file naming and section numbering

    file naming and section numbering

    @ericxiao251 I would like to suggest a few fixes. So here are they

    1. The naming of the ipynb files can cause problems for gitbook.
    • You should remove/change the brackets () from filenames. I fixed it by substituting with <> here. Gitbook fails to convert md into html when there are () in file name.
    • Also remove ? from file name. This also causes gitbook to fail.
    1. The section numbering should be adjusted.

    For example for chapter 2 you have

    • Chapter 2 - Exploring the Spark APIs
      • [Section 1.1 - Struct Types](Chapter 2 - Exploring the Spark APIs/Section 1.1 - Struct Types.md)
      • [Section 1.2 - Arrays and Lists](Chapter 2 - Exploring the Spark APIs/Section 1.2 - Arrays and Lists.md)
      • [Section 1.3 - Maps and Dictionaries](Chapter 2 - Exploring the Spark APIs/Section 1.3 - Maps and Dictionaries.md)

    But it would be better to have

    • Chapter 2 - Exploring the Spark APIs
      • [Section 2.1 - Struct Types](Chapter 2 - Exploring the Spark APIs/Section 2.1 - Struct Types.md)
      • [Section 2.2 - Arrays and Lists](Chapter 2 - Exploring the Spark APIs/Section 2.2 - Arrays and Lists.md)
      • [Section 2.3 - Maps and Dictionaries](Chapter 2 - Exploring the Spark APIs/Section 2.3 - Maps and Dictionaries.md)
    1. Also spark-syntax/README.md file is a bit heavy + has numbering problem (chapter 3 has section 4.1 and 4.2).
    opened by tumregels 2
  • Bump tar from 2.2.1 to 2.2.2 in /gitbook

    Bump tar from 2.2.1 to 2.2.2 in /gitbook

    Bumps tar from 2.2.1 to 2.2.2.

    Commits
    • 523c5c7 2.2.2
    • 7ecef07 Bump fstream to fix hardlink overwriting vulnerability
    • 9fc84b9 Use {} for hardlink tracking instead of []
    • 15e59f1 Only track previously seen hardlinks
    • 4f85851 Ignore potentially unsafe files
    • See full diff in compare view

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    dependencies 
    opened by dependabot[bot] 0
  • Bump fstream from 1.0.8 to 1.0.12 in /gitbook

    Bump fstream from 1.0.8 to 1.0.12 in /gitbook

    Bumps fstream from 1.0.8 to 1.0.12.

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    dependencies 
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  • Bump qs in /gitbook

    Bump qs in /gitbook

    Bumps qs, qs and qs. These dependencies needed to be updated together. Updates qs from 6.0.2 to 6.5.3

    Changelog

    Sourced from qs's changelog.

    6.5.3

    • [Fix] parse: ignore __proto__ keys (#428)
    • [Fix] utils.merge: avoid a crash with a null target and a truthy non-array source
    • [Fix] correctly parse nested arrays
    • [Fix] stringify: fix a crash with strictNullHandling and a custom filter/serializeDate (#279)
    • [Fix] utils: merge: fix crash when source is a truthy primitive & no options are provided
    • [Fix] when parseArrays is false, properly handle keys ending in []
    • [Fix] fix for an impossible situation: when the formatter is called with a non-string value
    • [Fix] utils.merge: avoid a crash with a null target and an array source
    • [Refactor] utils: reduce observable [[Get]]s
    • [Refactor] use cached Array.isArray
    • [Refactor] stringify: Avoid arr = arr.concat(...), push to the existing instance (#269)
    • [Refactor] parse: only need to reassign the var once
    • [Robustness] stringify: avoid relying on a global undefined (#427)
    • [readme] remove travis badge; add github actions/codecov badges; update URLs
    • [Docs] Clean up license text so it’s properly detected as BSD-3-Clause
    • [Docs] Clarify the need for "arrayLimit" option
    • [meta] fix README.md (#399)
    • [meta] add FUNDING.yml
    • [actions] backport actions from main
    • [Tests] always use String(x) over x.toString()
    • [Tests] remove nonexistent tape option
    • [Dev Deps] backport from main

    6.5.2

    • [Fix] use safer-buffer instead of Buffer constructor
    • [Refactor] utils: module.exports one thing, instead of mutating exports (#230)
    • [Dev Deps] update browserify, eslint, iconv-lite, safer-buffer, tape, browserify

    6.5.1

    • [Fix] Fix parsing & compacting very deep objects (#224)
    • [Refactor] name utils functions
    • [Dev Deps] update eslint, @ljharb/eslint-config, tape
    • [Tests] up to node v8.4; use nvm install-latest-npm so newer npm doesn’t break older node
    • [Tests] Use precise dist for Node.js 0.6 runtime (#225)
    • [Tests] make 0.6 required, now that it’s passing
    • [Tests] on node v8.2; fix npm on node 0.6

    6.5.0

    • [New] add utils.assign
    • [New] pass default encoder/decoder to custom encoder/decoder functions (#206)
    • [New] parse/stringify: add ignoreQueryPrefix/addQueryPrefix options, respectively (#213)
    • [Fix] Handle stringifying empty objects with addQueryPrefix (#217)
    • [Fix] do not mutate options argument (#207)
    • [Refactor] parse: cache index to reuse in else statement (#182)
    • [Docs] add various badges to readme (#208)
    • [Dev Deps] update eslint, browserify, iconv-lite, tape
    • [Tests] up to node v8.1, v7.10, v6.11; npm v4.6 breaks on node < v1; npm v5+ breaks on node < v4
    • [Tests] add editorconfig-tools

    ... (truncated)

    Commits
    • 298bfa5 v6.5.3
    • ed0f5dc [Fix] parse: ignore __proto__ keys (#428)
    • 691e739 [Robustness] stringify: avoid relying on a global undefined (#427)
    • 1072d57 [readme] remove travis badge; add github actions/codecov badges; update URLs
    • 12ac1c4 [meta] fix README.md (#399)
    • 0338716 [actions] backport actions from main
    • 5639c20 Clean up license text so it’s properly detected as BSD-3-Clause
    • 51b8a0b add FUNDING.yml
    • 45f6759 [Fix] fix for an impossible situation: when the formatter is called with a no...
    • f814a7f [Dev Deps] backport from main
    • Additional commits viewable in compare view

    Updates qs from 6.5.2 to 6.5.3

    Changelog

    Sourced from qs's changelog.

    6.5.3

    • [Fix] parse: ignore __proto__ keys (#428)
    • [Fix] utils.merge: avoid a crash with a null target and a truthy non-array source
    • [Fix] correctly parse nested arrays
    • [Fix] stringify: fix a crash with strictNullHandling and a custom filter/serializeDate (#279)
    • [Fix] utils: merge: fix crash when source is a truthy primitive & no options are provided
    • [Fix] when parseArrays is false, properly handle keys ending in []
    • [Fix] fix for an impossible situation: when the formatter is called with a non-string value
    • [Fix] utils.merge: avoid a crash with a null target and an array source
    • [Refactor] utils: reduce observable [[Get]]s
    • [Refactor] use cached Array.isArray
    • [Refactor] stringify: Avoid arr = arr.concat(...), push to the existing instance (#269)
    • [Refactor] parse: only need to reassign the var once
    • [Robustness] stringify: avoid relying on a global undefined (#427)
    • [readme] remove travis badge; add github actions/codecov badges; update URLs
    • [Docs] Clean up license text so it’s properly detected as BSD-3-Clause
    • [Docs] Clarify the need for "arrayLimit" option
    • [meta] fix README.md (#399)
    • [meta] add FUNDING.yml
    • [actions] backport actions from main
    • [Tests] always use String(x) over x.toString()
    • [Tests] remove nonexistent tape option
    • [Dev Deps] backport from main

    6.5.2

    • [Fix] use safer-buffer instead of Buffer constructor
    • [Refactor] utils: module.exports one thing, instead of mutating exports (#230)
    • [Dev Deps] update browserify, eslint, iconv-lite, safer-buffer, tape, browserify

    6.5.1

    • [Fix] Fix parsing & compacting very deep objects (#224)
    • [Refactor] name utils functions
    • [Dev Deps] update eslint, @ljharb/eslint-config, tape
    • [Tests] up to node v8.4; use nvm install-latest-npm so newer npm doesn’t break older node
    • [Tests] Use precise dist for Node.js 0.6 runtime (#225)
    • [Tests] make 0.6 required, now that it’s passing
    • [Tests] on node v8.2; fix npm on node 0.6

    6.5.0

    • [New] add utils.assign
    • [New] pass default encoder/decoder to custom encoder/decoder functions (#206)
    • [New] parse/stringify: add ignoreQueryPrefix/addQueryPrefix options, respectively (#213)
    • [Fix] Handle stringifying empty objects with addQueryPrefix (#217)
    • [Fix] do not mutate options argument (#207)
    • [Refactor] parse: cache index to reuse in else statement (#182)
    • [Docs] add various badges to readme (#208)
    • [Dev Deps] update eslint, browserify, iconv-lite, tape
    • [Tests] up to node v8.1, v7.10, v6.11; npm v4.6 breaks on node < v1; npm v5+ breaks on node < v4
    • [Tests] add editorconfig-tools

    ... (truncated)

    Commits
    • 298bfa5 v6.5.3
    • ed0f5dc [Fix] parse: ignore __proto__ keys (#428)
    • 691e739 [Robustness] stringify: avoid relying on a global undefined (#427)
    • 1072d57 [readme] remove travis badge; add github actions/codecov badges; update URLs
    • 12ac1c4 [meta] fix README.md (#399)
    • 0338716 [actions] backport actions from main
    • 5639c20 Clean up license text so it’s properly detected as BSD-3-Clause
    • 51b8a0b add FUNDING.yml
    • 45f6759 [Fix] fix for an impossible situation: when the formatter is called with a no...
    • f814a7f [Dev Deps] backport from main
    • Additional commits viewable in compare view

    Updates qs from 6.2.1 to 6.5.3

    Changelog

    Sourced from qs's changelog.

    6.5.3

    • [Fix] parse: ignore __proto__ keys (#428)
    • [Fix] utils.merge: avoid a crash with a null target and a truthy non-array source
    • [Fix] correctly parse nested arrays
    • [Fix] stringify: fix a crash with strictNullHandling and a custom filter/serializeDate (#279)
    • [Fix] utils: merge: fix crash when source is a truthy primitive & no options are provided
    • [Fix] when parseArrays is false, properly handle keys ending in []
    • [Fix] fix for an impossible situation: when the formatter is called with a non-string value
    • [Fix] utils.merge: avoid a crash with a null target and an array source
    • [Refactor] utils: reduce observable [[Get]]s
    • [Refactor] use cached Array.isArray
    • [Refactor] stringify: Avoid arr = arr.concat(...), push to the existing instance (#269)
    • [Refactor] parse: only need to reassign the var once
    • [Robustness] stringify: avoid relying on a global undefined (#427)
    • [readme] remove travis badge; add github actions/codecov badges; update URLs
    • [Docs] Clean up license text so it’s properly detected as BSD-3-Clause
    • [Docs] Clarify the need for "arrayLimit" option
    • [meta] fix README.md (#399)
    • [meta] add FUNDING.yml
    • [actions] backport actions from main
    • [Tests] always use String(x) over x.toString()
    • [Tests] remove nonexistent tape option
    • [Dev Deps] backport from main

    6.5.2

    • [Fix] use safer-buffer instead of Buffer constructor
    • [Refactor] utils: module.exports one thing, instead of mutating exports (#230)
    • [Dev Deps] update browserify, eslint, iconv-lite, safer-buffer, tape, browserify

    6.5.1

    • [Fix] Fix parsing & compacting very deep objects (#224)
    • [Refactor] name utils functions
    • [Dev Deps] update eslint, @ljharb/eslint-config, tape
    • [Tests] up to node v8.4; use nvm install-latest-npm so newer npm doesn’t break older node
    • [Tests] Use precise dist for Node.js 0.6 runtime (#225)
    • [Tests] make 0.6 required, now that it’s passing
    • [Tests] on node v8.2; fix npm on node 0.6

    6.5.0

    • [New] add utils.assign
    • [New] pass default encoder/decoder to custom encoder/decoder functions (#206)
    • [New] parse/stringify: add ignoreQueryPrefix/addQueryPrefix options, respectively (#213)
    • [Fix] Handle stringifying empty objects with addQueryPrefix (#217)
    • [Fix] do not mutate options argument (#207)
    • [Refactor] parse: cache index to reuse in else statement (#182)
    • [Docs] add various badges to readme (#208)
    • [Dev Deps] update eslint, browserify, iconv-lite, tape
    • [Tests] up to node v8.1, v7.10, v6.11; npm v4.6 breaks on node < v1; npm v5+ breaks on node < v4
    • [Tests] add editorconfig-tools

    ... (truncated)

    Commits
    • 298bfa5 v6.5.3
    • ed0f5dc [Fix] parse: ignore __proto__ keys (#428)
    • 691e739 [Robustness] stringify: avoid relying on a global undefined (#427)
    • 1072d57 [readme] remove travis badge; add github actions/codecov badges; update URLs
    • 12ac1c4 [meta] fix README.md (#399)
    • 0338716 [actions] backport actions from main
    • 5639c20 Clean up license text so it’s properly detected as BSD-3-Clause
    • 51b8a0b add FUNDING.yml
    • 45f6759 [Fix] fix for an impossible situation: when the formatter is called with a no...
    • f814a7f [Dev Deps] backport from main
    • Additional commits viewable in compare view

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  • Bump minimatch and gitbook-cli in /gitbook

    Bump minimatch and gitbook-cli in /gitbook

    Bumps minimatch to 3.0.4 and updates ancestor dependency gitbook-cli. These dependencies need to be updated together.

    Updates minimatch from 1.0.0 to 3.0.4

    Commits
    Maintainer changes

    This version was pushed to npm by isaacs, a new releaser for minimatch since your current version.


    Updates gitbook-cli from 2.3.0 to 2.3.2

    Commits
    Maintainer changes

    This version was pushed to npm by aarono, a new releaser for gitbook-cli since your current version.


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  • Bump ajv from 6.10.0 to 6.12.6 in /gitbook

    Bump ajv from 6.10.0 to 6.12.6 in /gitbook

    Bumps ajv from 6.10.0 to 6.12.6.

    Release notes

    Sourced from ajv's releases.

    v6.12.6

    Fix performance issue of "url" format.

    v6.12.5

    Fix uri scheme validation (@​ChALkeR). Fix boolean schemas with strictKeywords option (#1270)

    v6.12.4

    Fix: coercion of one-item arrays to scalar that should fail validation (failing example).

    v6.12.3

    Pass schema object to processCode function Option for strictNumbers (@​issacgerges, #1128) Fixed vulnerability related to untrusted schemas (CVE-2020-15366)

    v6.12.2

    Removed post-install script

    v6.12.1

    Docs and dependency updates

    v6.12.0

    Improved hostname validation (@​sambauers, #1143) Option keywords to add custom keywords (@​franciscomorais, #1137) Types fixes (@​boenrobot, @​MattiAstedrone) Docs:

    v6.11.0

    Time formats support two digit and colon-less variants of timezone offset (#1061 , @​cjpillsbury) Docs: RegExp related security considerations Tests: Disabled failing typescript test

    v6.10.2

    Fix: the unknown keywords were ignored with the option strictKeywords: true (instead of failing compilation) in some sub-schemas (e.g. anyOf), when the sub-schema didn't have known keywords.

    v6.10.1

    Fix types Fix addSchema (#1001) Update dependencies

    Commits
    • fe59143 6.12.6
    • d580d3e Merge pull request #1298 from ajv-validator/fix-url
    • fd36389 fix: regular expression for "url" format
    • 490e34c docs: link to v7-beta branch
    • 9cd93a1 docs: note about v7 in readme
    • 877d286 Merge pull request #1262 from b4h0-c4t/refactor-opt-object-type
    • f1c8e45 6.12.5
    • 764035e Merge branch 'ChALkeR-chalker/fix-comma'
    • 3798160 Merge branch 'chalker/fix-comma' of git://github.com/ChALkeR/ajv into ChALkeR...
    • a3c7eba Merge branch 'refactor-opt-object-type' of github.com:b4h0-c4t/ajv into refac...
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    dependencies 
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  • Bump path-parse from 1.0.6 to 1.0.7 in /gitbook

    Bump path-parse from 1.0.6 to 1.0.7 in /gitbook

    Bumps path-parse from 1.0.6 to 1.0.7.

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  • Broken links for 4.1 & 4.2

    Broken links for 4.1 & 4.2

    https://github.com/ericxiao251/spark-syntax#chapter-4---window-objects links to "Chapter 5": https://github.com/ericxiao251/spark-syntax/blob/master/src/Chapter%205%20-%20Window%20Objects/Section%201%20-%20Default%20Behaviour%20of%20a%20Window%20Object.ipynb

    It's actually here (Chapter 4): https://github.com/ericxiao251/spark-syntax/blob/master/src/Chapter%204%20-%20Window%20Objects/Section%201%20-%20Default%20Behaviour%20of%20a%20Window%20Object.ipynb

    Title is also different, notebook: Default Behaviour of a Window Object.ipynb vs. link: Default Ordering on a Window Object

    Edit: same for 4.2 - Ordering High Frequency Data with a Window Object.

    opened by juhoautio 0
Owner
Eric Xiao
Passionate about data and distributed systems.
Eric Xiao
GitHub https://ericxiao251.github.io/spark-syntax/
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