Simple Salesforce
Simple Salesforce is a basic Salesforce.com REST API client built for Python 3.5, 3.6, 3.7 and 3.8. The goal is to provide a very low-level interface to the REST Resource and APEX API, returning a dictionary of the API JSON response.
You can find out more regarding the format of the results in the Official Salesforce.com REST API Documentation
Examples
There are two ways to gain access to Salesforce
The first is to simply pass the domain of your Salesforce instance and an access token straight to Salesforce()
For example:
from simple_salesforce import Salesforce
sf = Salesforce(instance='na1.salesforce.com', session_id='')
If you have the full URL of your instance (perhaps including the schema, as is included in the OAuth2 request process), you can pass that in instead using instance_url:
from simple_salesforce import Salesforce
sf = Salesforce(instance_url='https://na1.salesforce.com', session_id='')
There are also three means of authentication, one that uses username, password and security token; one that uses IP filtering, username, password and organizationId; and the other that uses a private key to sign a JWT.
To login using the security token method, simply include the Salesforce method and pass in your Salesforce username, password and token (this is usually provided when you change your password):
from simple_salesforce import Salesforce
sf = Salesforce(username='[email protected]', password='password', security_token='token')
To login using IP-whitelist Organization ID method, simply use your Salesforce username, password and organizationId:
from simple_salesforce import Salesforce
sf = Salesforce(password='password', username='[email protected]', organizationId='OrgId')
To login using the JWT method, use your Salesforce username, consumer key from your app, and private key:
from simple_salesforce import Salesforce
sf = Salesforce(username='[email protected]', consumer_key='XYZ', privatekey_file='filename.key')
If you'd like to enter a sandbox, simply add domain='test' to your Salesforce() call.
For example:
from simple_salesforce import Salesforce
sf = Salesforce(username='[email protected]', password='password', security_token='token', domain='test')
Note that specifying if you want to use a domain is only necessary if you are using the built-in username/password/security token authentication and is used exclusively during the authentication step.
If you'd like to keep track where your API calls are coming from, simply add client_id='My App' to your Salesforce() call.
from simple_salesforce import Salesforce
sf = Salesforce(username='[email protected]', password='password', security_token='token', client_id='My App', domain='test')
If you view the API calls in your Salesforce instance by Client Id it will be prefixed with RestForce/, for example RestForce/My App.
When instantiating a Salesforce object, it's also possible to include an instance of requests.Session. This is to allow for specialized session handling not otherwise exposed by simple_salesforce.
For example:
from simple_salesforce import Salesforce
import requests
session = requests.Session()
# manipulate the session instance (optional)
sf = Salesforce(
username='[email protected]', password='password', organizationId='OrgId',
session=session)
Record Management
To create a new 'Contact' in Salesforce:
sf.Contact.create({'LastName':'Smith','Email':'[email protected]'})
This will return a dictionary such as {u'errors': [], u'id': u'003e0000003GuNXAA0', u'success': True}
To get a dictionary with all the information regarding that record, use:
contact = sf.Contact.get('003e0000003GuNXAA0')
To get a dictionary with all the information regarding that record, using a custom field that was defined as External ID:
contact = sf.Contact.get_by_custom_id('My_Custom_ID__c', '22')
To change that contact's last name from 'Smith' to 'Jones' and add a first name of 'John' use:
sf.Contact.update('003e0000003GuNXAA0',{'LastName': 'Jones', 'FirstName': 'John'})
To delete the contact:
sf.Contact.delete('003e0000003GuNXAA0')
To retrieve a list of Contact records deleted over the past 10 days (datetimes are required to be in UTC):
import pytz
import datetime
end = datetime.datetime.now(pytz.UTC) # we need to use UTC as salesforce API requires this!
sf.Contact.deleted(end - datetime.timedelta(days=10), end)
To retrieve a list of Contact records updated over the past 10 days (datetimes are required to be in UTC):
import pytz
import datetime
end = datetime.datetime.now(pytz.UTC) # we need to use UTC as salesforce API requires this
sf.Contact.updated(end - datetime.timedelta(days=10), end)
Note that Update, Delete and Upsert actions return the associated Salesforce HTTP Status Code
Use the same format to create any record, including 'Account', 'Opportunity', and 'Lead'. Make sure to have all the required fields for any entry. The Salesforce API has all objects found under 'Reference -> Standard Objects' and the required fields can be found there.
Queries
It's also possible to write select queries in Salesforce Object Query Language (SOQL) and search queries in Salesforce Object Search Language (SOSL).
SOQL queries are done via:
sf.query("SELECT Id, Email FROM Contact WHERE LastName = 'Jones'")
If, due to an especially large result, Salesforce adds a nextRecordsUrl to your query result, such as "nextRecordsUrl" : "/services/data/v26.0/query/01gD0000002HU6KIAW-2000", you can pull the additional results with either the ID or the full URL (if using the full URL, you must pass 'True' as your second argument)
sf.query_more("01gD0000002HU6KIAW-2000")
sf.query_more("/services/data/v26.0/query/01gD0000002HU6KIAW-2000", True)
As a convenience, to retrieve all of the results in a single local method call use
sf.query_all("SELECT Id, Email FROM Contact WHERE LastName = 'Jones'")
While query_all materializes the whole result into a Python list, query_all_iter returns an iterator, which allows you to lazily process each element separately
data = sf.query_all_iter("SELECT Id, Email FROM Contact WHERE LastName = 'Jones'")
for row in data:
process(row)
Values used in SOQL queries can be quoted and escaped using format_soql:
sf.query(format_soql("SELECT Id, Email FROM Contact WHERE LastName = {}", "Jones"))
sf.query(format_soql("SELECT Id, Email FROM Contact WHERE LastName = {last_name}", last_name="Jones"))
sf.query(format_soql("SELECT Id, Email FROM Contact WHERE LastName IN {names}", names=["Smith", "Jones"]))
To skip quoting and escaping for one value while still using the format string, use :literal:
sf.query(format_soql("SELECT Id, Email FROM Contact WHERE Income > {:literal}", "USD100"))
To escape a substring used in a LIKE expression while being able to use % around it, use :like:
sf.query(format_soql("SELECT Id, Email FROM Contact WHERE Name LIKE '{:like}%'", "Jones"))
SOSL queries are done via:
sf.search("FIND {Jones}")
There is also 'Quick Search', which inserts your query inside the {} in the SOSL syntax. Be careful, there is no escaping!
sf.quick_search("Jones")
Search and Quick Search return None if there are no records, otherwise they return a dictionary of search results.
More details about syntax is available on the Salesforce Query Language Documentation Developer Website
File Based Metadata API Calls
You can use simple_salesforce to make file-based calls to the Metadata API, to deploy a zip file to an org.
First, convert and zip the file with:
sfdx force:source:convert -r src/folder_name -d dx
Then navigate into the converted folder and zip it up:
zip -r -X package.zip *
Then you can use this to deploy that zipfile:
result = sf.deploy("path/to/zip", sandbox=False, **kwargs)
asyncId = result.get('asyncId')
state = result.get('state')
Both deploy and checkDeployStatus take keyword arguements. The single package arguement is not currently available to be set for deployments. More details on the deploy options can be found at https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.api_meta.meta/api_meta/meta_deploy.htm
You can check on the progress of the deploy which returns a dictionary with status, state_detail, deployment_detail, unit_test_detail:
sf.checkDeployStatus(asyncId)
Example of a use-case:
from simple_salesforce import Salesforce
deployment_finished = False
successful = False
sf = Salesforce(session_id="id", instance="instance")
sf.deploy("path/to/zip", sandbox=False ,**kwargs)
while not deployment_finished:
result = sf.checkDeployStatus(asyncId)
if result.get('status') in ["Succeeded", "Completed", "Error", "Failed", None]:
deployment_finished = True
if result.get('status') in ["Succeeded", "Completed"]:
successful = True
if successful:
print("✅")
else:
print("🥔")
Other Options
To insert or update (upsert) a record using an external ID, use:
sf.Contact.upsert('customExtIdField__c/11999',{'LastName': 'Smith','Email': '[email protected]'})
To format an external ID that could contain non-URL-safe characters, use:
external_id = format_external_id('customExtIdField__c', 'this/that & the other')
To retrieve basic metadata use:
sf.Contact.metadata()
To retrieve a description of the object, use:
sf.Contact.describe()
To retrieve a description of the record layout of an object by its record layout unique id, use:
sf.Contact.describe_layout('39wmxcw9r23r492')
To retrieve a list of top level description of instance metadata, user:
sf.describe()
for x in sf.describe()["sobjects"]:
print x["label"]
Using Bulk
You can use this library to access Bulk API functions. The data element can be a list of records of any size and by default batch sizes are 10,000 records and run in parrallel concurrency mode. To set the batch size for insert, upsert, delete, hard_delete, and update use the batch_size argument. To set the concurrency mode for the salesforce job the use_serial argument can be set to use_serial=True.
Create new records:
data = [
{'LastName':'Smith','Email':'[email protected]'},
{'LastName':'Jones','Email':'[email protected]'}
]
sf.bulk.Contact.insert(data,batch_size=10000,use_serial=True)
Update existing records:
data = [
{'Id': '0000000000AAAAA', 'Email': '[email protected]'},
{'Id': '0000000000BBBBB', 'Email': '[email protected]'}
]
sf.bulk.Contact.update(data,batch_size=10000,use_serial=True)
Upsert records:
data = [
{'Id': '0000000000AAAAA', 'Email': '[email protected]'},
{'Email': '[email protected]'}
]
sf.bulk.Contact.upsert(data, 'Id', batch_size=10000, use_serial=True)
Query records:
query = 'SELECT Id, Name FROM Account LIMIT 10'
sf.bulk.Account.query(query)
To retrieve large amounts of data, use
query = 'SELECT Id, Name FROM Account'
# generator on the results page
fetch_results = sf.bulk.Account.query(query, lazy_operation=True)
# the generator provides the list of results for every call to next()
all_results = []
for list_results in fetch_results:
all_results.extend(list_results)
Query all records:
QueryAll will return records that have been deleted because of a merge or delete. QueryAll will also return information about archived Task and Event records.
query = 'SELECT Id, Name FROM Account LIMIT 10'
sf.bulk.Account.query_all(query)
To retrieve large amounts of data, use
query = 'SELECT Id, Name FROM Account'
# generator on the results page
fetch_results = sf.bulk.Account.query_all(query, lazy_operation=True)
# the generator provides the list of results for every call to next()
all_results = []
for list_results in fetch_results:
all_results.extend(list_results)
Delete records (soft deletion):
data = [{'Id': '0000000000AAAAA'}]
sf.bulk.Contact.delete(data,batch_size=10000,use_serial=True)
Hard deletion:
data = [{'Id': '0000000000BBBBB'}]
sf.bulk.Contact.hard_delete(data,batch_size=10000,use_serial=True)
Using Apex
You can also use this library to call custom Apex methods:
payload = {
"activity": [
{"user": "12345", "action": "update page", "time": "2014-04-21T13:00:15Z"}
]
}
result = sf.apexecute('User/Activity', method='POST', data=payload)
This would call the endpoint https://<instance>.salesforce.com/services/apexrest/User/Activity with data= as the body content encoded with json.dumps
You can read more about Apex on the Force.com Apex Code Developer's Guide
Additional Features
There are a few helper classes that are used internally and available to you.
Included in them are SalesforceLogin, which takes in a username, password, security token, optional version and optional domain and returns a tuple of (session_id, sf_instance) where session_id is the session ID to use for authentication to Salesforce and sf_instance is the domain of the instance of Salesforce to use for the session.
For example, to use SalesforceLogin for a sandbox account you'd use:
from simple_salesforce import SalesforceLogin
session_id, instance = SalesforceLogin(
username='[email protected]',
password='password',
security_token='token',
domain='test')
Simply leave off the final domain if you do not wish to use a sandbox.
Also exposed is the SFType class, which is used internally by the __getattr__() method in the Salesforce() class and represents a specific SObject type. SFType requires object_name (i.e. Contact), session_id (an authentication ID), sf_instance (hostname of your Salesforce instance), and an optional sf_version
To add a Contact using the default version of the API you'd use:
from simple_salesforce import SFType
contact = SFType('Contact','sesssionid','na1.salesforce.com')
contact.create({'LastName':'Smith','Email':'[email protected]'})
To use a proxy server between your client and the SalesForce endpoint, use the proxies argument when creating SalesForce object. The proxy argument is the same as what requests uses, a map of scheme to proxy URL:
proxies = {
"http": "http://10.10.1.10:3128",
"https": "http://10.10.1.10:1080",
}
SalesForce(instance='na1.salesforce.com', session_id='', proxies=proxies)
All results are returned as JSON converted OrderedDict to preserve order of keys from REST responses.
Authors & License
This package is released under an open source Apache 2.0 license. Simple-Salesforce was originally written by Nick Catalano but most newer features and bugfixes come from community contributors. Pull requests submitted to the GitHub Repo are highly encouraged!
Authentication mechanisms were adapted from Dave Wingate's RestForce and licensed under a MIT license
The latest build status can be found at Travis CI
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