BioLAMA
BioLAMA is biomedical factual knowledge triples for probing biomedical LMs. The triples are collected and pre-processed from three sources: CTD, UMLS, and Wikidata. Please see our paper Can Language Models be Biomedical Knowledge Bases? (Sung et al., 2021) for more details.
* The dataset for the BioLAMA probe is available at data.tar.gz
Getting Started
After the installation, you can easily try BioLAMA with manual prompts. When a subject is "flu" and you want to probe its symptoms from an LM, the input should be like "Flu has symptom such as [Y]."
# Set MODEL to bert-base-cased for BERT or dmis-lab/biobert-base-cased-v1.2 for BioBERT
MODEL=./RoBERTa-base-PM-Voc/RoBERTa-base-PM-Voc-hf
python ./BioLAMA/cli_demo.py \
--model_name_or_path ${MODEL}
Result:
Please enter input (e.g., Flu has symptoms such as [Y].):
hepatocellular carcinoma has symptoms such as [Y].
-------------------------
Rank Prob Pred
-------------------------
1 0.648 jaundice
2 0.223 abdominal pain
3 0.127 jaundice and ascites
4 0.11 ascites
5 0.086 hepatomegaly
6 0.074 obstructive jaundice
7 0.06 abdominal pain and jaundice
8 0.059 ascites and jaundice
9 0.043 anorexia and jaundice
10 0.042 fever and jaundice
-------------------------
Top1 prediction sentence:
"hepatocellular carcinoma has symptoms such as jaundice."
Quick Link
Installation
# Install torch with conda (please check your CUDA version)
conda create -n BioLAMA python=3.7
conda activate BioLAMA
conda install pytorch=1.8.0 cudatoolkit=10.2 -c pytorch
# Install BioLAMA
git clone https://github.com/dmis-lab/BioLAMA.git
cd BioLAMA
pip install -r requirements.txt
Resources
Models
For BERT and BioBERT, we use checkpoints provided in the Huggingface Hub:
- best-base-cased (for BERT)
- dmis-lab/biobert-base-cased-v1.2 (for BioBERT)
Bio-LM is not provided in the Huggingface Hub. Therefore, we use the Bio-LM checkpoint released in link. Among the various versions of Bio-LMs, we use `RoBERTa-base-PM-Voc-hf'.
wget https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/biolm/RoBERTa-base-PM-Voc-hf.tar.gz
tar -xzvf RoBERTa-base-PM-Voc-hf.tar.gz
rm -rf RoBERTa-base-PM-Voc-hf.tar.gz
Datasets
The dataset will take about 78 MB of space. Download data.tar.gz and uncompress it.
tar -xzvf data.tar.gz
rm -rf data.tar.gz
The directory tree of the data is like:
data
├── ctd
│ ├── entities
│ ├── meta
│ ├── prompts
│ └── triples_processed
│ └── CD1
│ ├── dev.jsonl
│ ├── test.jsonl
│ └── train.jsonl
├── wikidata
│ ├── entities
│ ├── meta
│ ├── prompts
│ └── triples_processed
│ └── P2175
│ ├── dev.jsonl
│ ├── test.jsonl
│ └── train.jsonl
└── umls
├── meta
└── prompts
Important: Triples of UMLS is not provided due to the license. For those who want to probe LMs using triples of UMLS, we provide the pre-processing scripts for UMLS. Please follow this instruction.
Experiments
We provide two ways of probing PLMs with BioLAMA:
Manual Prompt
Manual Prompt probes PLMs using pre-defined manual prompts. The predictions and scores will be logged in '/output'.
# Set TASK to 'ctd' for CTD or 'umls' for UMLS
# Set MODEL to 'bert-base-cased' for BERT or 'dmis-lab/biobert-base-cased-v1.2' for BioBERT
TASK=wikidata
MODEL=./RoBERTa-base-PM-Voc/RoBERTa-base-PM-Voc-hf
PROMPT_PATH=./data/${TASK}/prompts/manual.jsonl
TEST_PATH=./data/${TASK}/triples_processed/*/test.jsonl
python ./BioLAMA/run_manual.py \
--model_name_or_path ${MODEL} \
--prompt_path ${PROMPT_PATH} \
--test_path "${TEST_PATH}" \
--init_method confidence \
--iter_method none \
--num_mask 10 \
--max_iter 10 \
--beam_size 5 \
--batch_size 16 \
--output_dir ./output/${TASK}_manual
Result:
PID Acc@1 Acc@5
-------------------------
P2175 9.40 21.11
P2176 22.46 39.75
P2293 2.24 11.43
P4044 9.47 19.47
P780 16.30 37.85
-------------------------
MACRO 11.97 25.92
OptiPrompt
OptiPrompt probes PLMs using embedding-based prompts starting from embeddings of manual prompts. The predictions and scores will be logged in '/output'.
# Set TASK to 'ctd' for CTD or 'umls' for UMLS
# Set MODEL to 'bert-base-cased' for BERT or 'dmis-lab/biobert-base-cased-v1.2' for BioBERT
TASK=wikidata
MODEL=./RoBERTa-base-PM-Voc/RoBERTa-base-PM-Voc-hf
PROMPT_PATH=./data/${TASK}/prompts/manual.jsonl
TRAIN_PATH=./data/${TASK}/triples_processed/*/train.jsonl
DEV_PATH=./data/${TASK}/triples_processed/*/dev.jsonl
TEST_PATH=./data/${TASK}/triples_processed/*/test.jsonl
PROMPT_PATH=./data/${TASK}/prompts/manual.jsonl
python ./BioLAMA/run_optiprompt.py \
--model_name_or_path ${MODEL} \
--train_path "${TRAIN_PATH}" \
--dev_path "${DEV_PATH}" \
--test_path "${TEST_PATH}" \
--prompt_path ${PROMPT_PATH} \
--num_mask 10 \
--init_method confidence \
--iter_method none \
--max_iter 10 \
--beam_size 5 \
--batch_size 16 \
--lr 3e-3 \
--epochs 10 \
--seed 0 \
--prompt_token_len 5 \
--init_manual_template \
--output_dir ./output/${TASK}_optiprompt
Result:
PID Acc@1 Acc@5
-------------------------
P2175 9.47 24.94
P2176 20.14 39.57
P2293 2.90 9.21
P4044 7.53 18.58
P780 12.98 33.43
-------------------------
MACRO 7.28 18.51
Acknowledgement
Parts of the code are modified from genewikiworld, X-FACTR, and OptiPrompt. We appreciate the authors for making their projects open-sourced.
Citations
@inproceedings{sung2021can,
title={Can Language Models be Biomedical Knowledge Bases},
author={Sung, Mujeen and Lee, Jinhyuk and Yi, Sean and Jeon, Minji and Kim, Sungdong and Kang, Jaewoo},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)},
year={2021},
}
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